Life cycle models of organizational development suggest that the growth and ultimate survival of a firm is dependent on how effectively business leaders navigate crisis, or crisis-like, events through their life cycles. Organizations use perception management in daily internal and external interactions as well as prior to major product/strategy introductions and following events of crisis. Untruthful statements - Fabricate the truth.Concealment - Contradicting information is destroyed.Coordination - The organization or propaganda ministry is organized in a hierarchical pattern in order to maintain consistent and synchronized distribution of information.Flexibility - The deception campaign adapts and changes over time as needs change.Security - The nature of the deception campaign is known by few.Centralized control - Employing entities such as propaganda ministries or bureaus.Multichannel support - Have multiple arguments and fabricated facts to reinforce your information.Credibility - Make sure all of your information is consistent, often using prejudices or expectations to increase credibility.Preparation - Having clear goals and knowing the ideal position you want people to hold.There are nine strategies for perception management. Just because reality has not been perceived, does not mean that it is not real." Strategies Businesses may even contract with other businesses to conduct perception management for them, or they may conduct it in-house with their public relations staff.Īs Stan Moore has written, "Just because truth has been omitted, does not mean that truth is not true.
Similarly, public officials who are being accused of shading the truth are now frequently charged with engaging in "perception management" when disseminating information to media or to the general public.Īlthough perception management operations are typically carried out within the international arena between governments, and between governments and citizens, use of perception management techniques have become part of mainstream information management systems in many ways that do not concern military campaigns or government relations with citizenry. The phrase "perception management" is filtering into common use as a synonym for "persuasion." Public relations firms now offer "perception management" as one of their services. The phrase "perception management" has often functioned as a euphemism for "an aspect of information warfare." A scholar in the field notes a distinction between "perception management" and public diplomacy, which "does not, as a rule, involve falsehood and deception, whereas these are important ingredients of perception management the purpose is to get the other side to believe what one wishes it to believe, whatever the truth may be."
If ambiguity increases, the perceiver may find it harder to form an accurate perception Mood: emotions of the perceiver at the time of perception.Motivational state: needs, values, and desires of a perceiver at the time of perception.Schema: organization and interpretation of information based on past experiences and knowledge."Perception" is defined as the "process by which individuals select, organize, and interpret the input from their senses to give meaning and order to the world around them" Components of perception include the perceiver, target of perception, and the situation. In various ways, perception management combines truth projection, operations security, cover and deception, and psychological operations. The US Department of Defense (DOD) gives this definition:Īctions to convey and/or deny selected information and indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, and objective reasoning as well as to intelligence systems and leaders at all to influence official estimates, ultimately resulting in foreign behaviors and official actions favorable to the originator's objectives. Perception management is a term originated by the US military.
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